1, molingana ndi kulowetsako ndiko kuti, mfundo zosiyanasiyana za chinthu choyezedwa:

Ngati kuchuluka kwa zolowetsazo sikukhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi monga kutentha, kuthamanga, kusuntha, kuthamanga, chinyezi, kuwala ndi mpweya, masensa omwe amafanana nawo amatchedwa kutentha kwa kutentha, kupanikizika kwa mphamvu ndi masekeli.

Njira yogawayi imafotokoza momveka bwino kugwiritsa ntchito masensa, ndipo imapereka mwayi kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Ndikosavuta kusankha masensa ofunikira molingana ndi zinthu zoyezedwa. Choyipa ndichakuti njira yamagulu iyi imayika masensa okhala ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana m'gulu limodzi, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kudziwa momwe zimakhalira komanso kusiyana kwa sensa iliyonse pamakina otembenuka. Chifukwa chake, sikuli bwino kudziwa mfundo zoyambira ndi njira zowunikira za masensa. Chifukwa mtundu womwewo wa sensa, monga sensa ya piezoelectric, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza kuthamanga, kuthamanga ndi matalikidwe mu kugwedezeka kwamakina, ndipo ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuyesa mphamvu ndi mphamvu, koma mfundo yake yogwira ntchito ndi yofanana.

Njira yogawira iyi imagawaniza mitundu yambiri ya kuchuluka kwa thupi m'magulu awiri: zoyambira komanso zotengedwa. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu imatha kuonedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa thupi, komwe kumachokera kuchuluka kwa thupi monga kupanikizika, kulemera, kupsinjika ndi torque. Tikafunika kuyeza kuchuluka kwa thupi lomwe lili pamwambapa, timangofunika kugwiritsa ntchito masensa amphamvu. Choncho, kumvetsetsa mgwirizano pakati pa kuchuluka kwa thupi ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi lochokera kumathandiza kwambiri kuti dongosolo ligwiritse ntchito masensa omwe.

2, malinga ndi mfundo ya ntchito (kuzindikira) gulu

Mfundo yodziwikiratu imatanthawuza momwe sensa imagwirira ntchito, zotsatira za mankhwala ndi biological effect. Pali resistive, capacitive, inductive, piezoelectric, electromagnetic, magnetoresistive, photoelectric, piezoresistive, thermoelectric, nyukiliya ma radiation, semiconductor sensors ndi zina zotero.

Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi mfundo ya kukana variable, pali potentiometers, mavuto gauges, piezoresistive masensa ndi zina zotero. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi mfundo ya kulowetsedwa kwa ma elekitiroma, pali masensa ochititsa chidwi, ma transmitters osiyanitsa, ma eddy pano, masensa amagetsi, masensa a magnetoresistive ndi zina zotero. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso cha semiconductor, pali olimba-boma masensa monga semiconductor mphamvu sensa, matenthedwe sensa, photosensitive sensa, mpweya sensa ndi maginito sensa.

Ubwino wa njira yamagulu iyi ndikuti ndi yabwino kwa akatswiri a sensor kuti apange kusanthula kwachangu ndikufufuza kuchokera ku mfundo ndi kapangidwe kake, ndipo amapewa mayina ambiri a masensa, chifukwa chake amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Choyipa ndichakuti ogwiritsa ntchito amadzimva kukhala osasangalatsa posankha masensa.

Nthawi zina, nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa pophatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mfundo, monga inductive displacement sensor ndi piezoelectric force sensor, kupewa mayina ambiri a masensa.